Disinfection of drinking water is commonly carried out by chlorination, however research has shown this method to be ineffective against certain rotozoan, viral and biofilm forming microorganisms. Furthermore, chlorination can result in the formation of mutagenic disinfection by-products. emiconductor photocatalysis may be a possible alternative to chlorination for point-of-use drinking water d...

1. All patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy must be considered 'at risk' for HIV and appropriate cleaning/disinfection measures taken for endoscopes and accessories. 2. Thorough manual cleaning with detergent, of the instrument and its channels is the most important part of the cleaning/disinfection procedure. Without this, blood, mucus and organic material will prevent adequate penet...

efore the 1970s, research into the nature of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water and into methods for its removal was driven primarily by the desire to remove color from public water supplies. Since then, several other problems associated with NOM have been identified, including its demand for coagulants and disinfectants, its potential to transport metals and hydrophobic organic che...

Other workers have clearly shown that most, if not all, drinking water in the U.S. contains chemicals that possess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity by using bacterial and in vitro methods. In the present work, increased numbers of tumors were observed with samples of organic material isolated from 5 U.S. cities administered as tumor initiators in mouse skin initiation/promotion studies. O...

This study was designed to test in vitro efficacy of 2 improved hydrogen peroxide (HP) products against 3 standard HP products and 1 quaternary ammonium compound. Improved HP is significantly superior to standard HP at the same concentration and can be used for disinfection of environmental surfaces or noncritical patient care items.

Introduction: Humic substances (HSs) are very complex and heterogeneous organic matter with high molecular weight and various functional groups, which are produced from the chemical and biological degradation of plants and animal tissues. HS can cause: colour, odour and taste problems in drinking water, biological growth in distribution systems, increase in chlorine demand for disinfection, mem...

a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of 4 Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China 5 b Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 700 Moreno Avenue, La Verne, 6 California 91750-3399, USA 7 c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, 8 SW7 2AZ, UK 9 10 11 12 *Correspon...