Large-scale quantum computation is likely to require massive quantum error correction (QEC). QEC codes and circuits are described via the stabilizer formalism, which represents stabilizer states by keeping track of the operators that preserve them. Such states are obtained by stabilizer circuits (consisting of CNOT, Hadamard and Phase gates) and can be represented compactly on conventional comp...

Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. To protect fragile quantum-superposition states from corruption through so-called decoherence noise, some form of error correction is needed. Therefore, the discovery of quantum error correction1,2 (QEC) was a key step to turn the field of quantum information from an academic ...

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations QEC using surface code. codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in fewer logical qubits, enabling identification errors through a decoding process. This process increases fidelity (or accuracy) making more reliable. However, fast (efficient run...

The quantal response equilibrium (QRE) notion of McKelvey and Palfrey (1995) has recently attracted considerable attention, due in part to its widely documented ability to rationalize observed behavior in games played by experimental subjects. However, even with strong a priori restrictions on unobservables, QRE imposes no falsifiable restrictions: it can rationalize any distribution of behavio...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of needle holders in reducing staff hand exposure during biopsies guided by computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF), through the analysis of data acquired during a detailed monitoring study, undertaken in parallel with an ongoing optimization process to reduce hand irradiation. METHODS Hand monitoring was performed with 11 extremity...

Quantum computation faces considerable hurdles, one of the most serious being engineering physical systems performing coherent operations without the deleterious effects of decoherence,1 particularly in the solid state. However by isolation and manipulation of states of quantum dot QD structures,2 it may be possible to perform many unitary operations within the dephasing time, a pre-requisite f...