Without shared understanding, hardly any group learning takes place. Though much has been written about the essence of shared understanding, less is known about how to assess the process of reaching shared understanding. Therefore, the study focuses on ways of assessing shared understanding. A conceptual framework is described that makes a distinction between the process of reaching shared unde...

In the effort to develop critical cyberphysical systems, existing computing formalisms are extended to include continuous behaviour. This may happen in a way that neglects elements necessary for correct continuous properties and correct physical properties. A simple language is taken to illustrate this. Issues and risks latent in this kind of approach are identified and discussed under the umbr...

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1 Details of Second-Step Estimation All the estimates from state transitions (θp, θg, θt), ηis, and non-parametric joint distributions of bid attributes are assumed to be known at this point, i.e., consistent estimates of these parameters and distributions from Step 1 are used. Throughout we estimate CCPs using weighted nested logits that are flexible functions of {xit, η̂i, si}. When doing so, ...

this article addresses a multi-stage flowshop scheduling problem with equal number of unrelated parallel machines. the objective is to minimize the makespan for a given set of jobs in the system. this problem class is np-hard in the strong sense, so a hybrid heuristic method for sequencing and then allocating operations of jobs to machines is developed. a number of test problems are randomly ge...

A critical aspect of flexible choice is that alternative actions yield distinct consequences: Only when available action alternatives produce distinct outcome states does discrimination and selection between actions allow an agent to flexibly obtain the currently most desired outcome. Here, we use instrumental divergence - the degree to which alternative actions differ with respect to their out...