nicotine is an alkaloid by high level of addictive property that can quickly assimilate from smoker’s lung. it passes from the placenta and gathers in the developing fetus. our previous study showed that collagen type iv plays a critical role in basement membrane of different embryonic organs. in this study the effect of maternal nicotine was evaluated by collagen iv changes in lung of mice off...

Gait freezing is an episodic arrest of locomotion due to an inability to take normal steps. Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation is an emerging therapy proposed to improve gait freezing, even where refractory to medication. However, the efficacy and precise effects of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation on Parkinsonian gait disturbance are not established. The clinical application of this new ...

background: our previous studies revealed anethum graveolens l. caused some changes in female reproductive system that induced infertility. therefore, in this study, oocyte changes as one of probable reasons of infertility were investigated.    methods: in this study, 59 adult female rats were divided into 3 groups of control, low dose (0.5 g/kg) and high dose (5 g/kg) of dill seed aqueous extr...

Cold-acclimated plants acquire an additional 3-5 degrees C increase in freezing tolerance when exposed to -3 degrees C for 12-18 h before a freezing test (LT50) is applied. The -3 degrees C treatment replicates soil freezing that can occur in the days or weeks leading to overwintering by freezing-tolerant plants. This additional freezing tolerance is called subzero acclimation (SZA) to differen...

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is an area known to be sensitive global climate change, and the problems caused by permafrost degradation in context of warming potentially have far-reaching effects on regional hydrogeological processes, ecosystem functions, engineering safety. Soil thermal conductivity (STC) a key input parameter for temperature surface energy simulations active layer. Therefore, und...

Cold-acclimated plants acquire an additional 3–5 8C increase in freezing tolerance when exposed to 23 8C for 12–18 h before a freezing test (LT50) is applied. The 23 8C treatment replicates soil freezing that can occur in the days or weeks leading to overwintering by freezing-tolerant plants. This additional freezing tolerance is called subzero acclimation (SZA) to differentiate it from cold ac...

conclusions this study showed the superiority of direct method of presentation in changing pregnant women’s knowledge and behavior about oral health care. background during pregnancy, physiological changes occur in body, which resulting results in oral health problems such as caries, tooth mobility, and pregnancy gingivitis. inflammatory mediators might seriously affect the fetus and placenta. ...