Sport scholars have increasingly explored the institutional history of international governing bodies sport in recent years. Some sports, however, received little attention. Handball is one...

BACKGROUND Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes' intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards ...

This study evaluated the protective effect of ColdZyme on common cold infections in elite athletes from three different sports (biathlon, ice-hockey and handball), and assessed the level of reduction in corresponding sick days. The biathlon team (n = 11) and the ice-hockey team (n = 29) significantly reduced the average number of sick days by 51% respectively 67% compared to historical data. No...

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of different formats (2-a-side, 3a-side and 4-a-side) on heart rate responses of female students during small-sided and conditioned handball games. The heart rate responses were measured using heart rate monitors during physical education classes. Eight female students participated in the study (15 ± 0.0 years). The one-way ANOVA showed statistica...

In this manuscript we argue for a broader use of the term 'relative age effect' due to the influence of varying development policies on the development of sport expertise. Two studies are presented on basis of data from Schorer, et al. [1]. The first showed clear 'constant year effects' in the German handball talent development system. A shift in year groupings for the female athletes resulted ...

Study purpose. In sports, just like in everyday life, motivation plays an important role achieving individual goals. Motivation is individual’s decision to engage certain activities and make various efforts do so. Sports require a continuous, constant effort from individuals, so it even more here that the athlete has necessary motivation. Without motivation, not possible sports at high level lo...

We aimed to establish the main morphological characteristics of Slovenian junior and senior national handball team players. Morphological characteristics for various player subgroups (goalkeepers, wings, back players and pivots) were also determined so as to establish whether they had distinct profiles. The subjects were 78 handball players who were members of the Slovenian junior and senior na...

The present study aimed to use and implement the six hats strategy know its impact on cognitive achievement of students in field physical education development their basic handball skills. was conducted second stage College Physical Education Sports Sciences University Kirkuk (Iraq) academic year 2020-2021. were grouped tree classes: Class A, B C. A total 60 recruited as sample participants usi...