The ocean’s effect on weather and climate is governed largely by processes occurring in the few tens of meters of water bordering the ocean surface. For example, water warmed at the surface on a sunny afternoon may remain available to warm the atmosphere that evening, or it may be mixed deeper into the ocean not to emerge for many years, depending on near-surface mixing processes. Local mixing ...

This study examines how aerosol absorption affects the extratropical circulation by analyzing the response to a globally uniform increase in black carbon (BC) simulated with an atmospheric general circulation model forced by prescribed sea surface temperatures. BC-induced heating in the free troposphere stabilizes the mid-latitude atmospheric column, which results in less energetic baroclinic e...

Abstract. In this paper the land surface model embedded in PALM system is described and evaluated against situ measurements at Cabauw, Netherlands. A total of 2 consecutive clear-sky days are simulated, components energy balance, potential temperature, humidity, horizontal wind speed compared to observations. For simulated period, balance consistent with daytime nighttime observations, Bowen ra...

We perform density-functional theory calculations to investigate the adsorption of oxygen at the Au 111 surface, including on-surface, subsurface, and surface oxide formation. We find that atomic oxygen adsorbs weakly on the surface and is barely stable with respect to molecular oxygen, while pure subsurface adsorption is only metastable. Interestingly, however, we find that the most favorable ...

Passive solar systems such as solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work. Therefore, they cannot present stable natural ventilation when solar energy vanishes: to have a more robust and stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. Phase change materials can save additional thermal energy during the day and release it during the...

*Correspondence: Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, PO Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] Understanding and prediction of the stable atmospheric boundary layer is challenging. Many physical processes come into play in the stable boundary layer (SBL), i.e., turbulence, radiation, land surf...

Boundary layers driven by surface buoyant forcings are commonly observed in the environmental flows. An atmospheric example of such boundary layer is the so-called convective boundary layer (CBL), which is driven by buoyancy production at the heated underlying surface during the daytime conditions. The buoyancy is defined as b= g − ( ρ -ρ0 )/ρ0 , where ρ is the density of the fluid, ρ0 is the r...

7 [1] Large-eddy simulation (LES) of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow is 8 performed over a homogeneous surface with different heat flux forcings. The goal is to test 9 the performance of dynamic subgrid-scale models in a numerical framework and to 10 compare the results with those obtained in a recent field experimental study (HATS 11 (Kleissl et al., 2004)). In the dynamic model the Smag...