In this paper, we propose a new model for designing integrated forward/reverse logistics based on pricing policy in direct and indirect sales channel. The proposed model includes producers, disposal center, distributers and final customers. We assumed that the location of final customers is fixed. First, a deterministic mixed integer linear programming model is developed for integrated logistic...

afinite element model of a bias truck tire under static vertical load using a global/local technique is designed in two parts. in the first part a previously created model for radial tires is developed to take the constructional variables of bias tires into account. it is shown that the technique can successfully be used for bias tires. the main challenge here is the selection of the initial la...

The representation of terminological knowledge may naturally lead to terminological cycles. In addition to descriptive semantics , the meaning of cyclic terminologies can also be captured by xed-point semantics, namely, greatest and least xed-point semantics. To gain a more profound understanding of these semantics and to obtain inference algorithms as well as complexity results for inconsisten...

In this article, a dynamic localization method based on multi target tracking is presented. The originality of this method is its capability to manage and propagate uncertainties during the localization process. This multi-level uncertainty propagation stage is based on the use of the Dempster-Shafer theory. The perception system we use is composed of an omnidirectional vision system and a pano...

presence of distributed generation (dg) in electric distribution systems provides an attractive new alternative in capacity expansion planning of these systems. in this paper a new model is developed for solving simultaneous placement of hv/mv substations and dg units as a static planning tool. this model aims to minimize fixed and variable costs of planning. constraints related to dgs, substat...

The impact of financial challenges on the profit of a supply chain, have caused the researcher to model the supply chain network by considering the operational and financial dimensions. Also, the establishment of a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) network has a high effect on economic profit. So, the purpose of this study is to design a stochastic closed loop supply chain network by considering ...

Defeasible Description Logics (DDLs) can state defeasible concept inclusions and often use rational closure according to the KLM postulates for reasoning. If in DDLs with quantification a defeasible subsumption relationship holds between concepts, it can also hold if these concepts appear nested in existential restrictions. Earlier reasoning algorithms did not detect this kind of relationships....