Haemophilus ducreyi, which causes chancroid, has emerged as a cause of pediatric skin disease. Isolation of H. ducreyi in low-income settings is challenging, limiting phylogenetic investigation. Next-generation sequencing demonstrates that cutaneous strains arise from class I and II H. ducreyi clades and that class II may represent a distinct subspecies.

The effects of globalization on income distribution within rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make income distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The paper presents another att...

The term “middle class” is increasingly used to qualify the mass of people in developing countries who are neither poor nor rich and share consumption patterns historically associated with western middle class. However, what differentiates them from ideal-typical class, as well extent which emerging classes differ across countries, has only been marginally documented by economists date. This ar...

The consensus of economic experts is that income-tested programs are more efficient than non-income-tested tax-transfer programs. Most widely favored as a policy proposal is the negative income tax, (NIT) an income-tested program. This view apparently stems from the widespt:ead use of the· target efficiency measure--a conceptually flawed measure of technical rather than economic efficiency. In ...

The issue addressed in this paper is the optimal taxation of incomes earned tn the home economy, and of incomes earned abroad, when people can migrate. As a preliminary, the optimal taxation of home incomes when there is migration and no taxation of foreign incomes, is discussed. Then in a more general setting, we deal with optimal taxation of different kinds of labour when another kind of labo...

This study investigates whether personal taxes are related to asset valuations. The effective tax rate of investment income fluctuated considerably since federal income taxes were introduced. The main result of the paper demonstrates that there is an economically and statistically significant relationship between asset valuations and personal tax rates. Stock valuations tend to be higher when t...

Background The preferences of Iranians concerning the attributes of health insurance benefit packages are not well studied. This study aimed to elicit health insurance preferences among insured people in Iran during 2016.   Methods A mixed method...

Despite a growing concern for the obesity epidemic in the United States, data constraints have limited social science analyses to correlative studies. This limits our capacity to make causal statements about which factors contribute to weight gain. This is further compounded by the fact that the nature of the obesity problem is plagued with several endogeneity problems. Currently, no national d...

How a person assesses the wellbeing derived from income is often determined as much by its contrast with a reference point as by the level of income itself. In this paper, I use a household survey from Mexico to examine how subjective poverty assessments not only depend on the absolute level of income, but on how it compares to three reference points: the income of a reference group, the level ...