BACKGROUND The Iranian health system, under the banner of family physician (FP) programme, has undergone substantial reforms to change utilization of health services, improve quality of care and enhance affordability. The national implementation of FP initiated in 2005 in parallel with rural health insurance (RHI) in rural areas and cities of <20 000 populations in Iran. The implementation of F...

Urban economics dictate that cities must grow to maintain their vitality. Small cities increase their population and economic base, thereby expanding their city limits. Large cities manage growth so that expansion is controlled, avoiding real estate and economic depressions. Former Albuquerque Mayor David Rusk argues in Cities Without Suburbs that cities with aggressive growth strategies prospe...

dezful a city at the far north of khuzestan on the southwest of the great iran is considered as an agriculture pole. this city as one of the iranian ancient cities was under hostile attacks of the iraqi ba’athist enemy throughout the holy defense era from 1980 to 1988 and during the five stages of the war of cities, in particular. so, in most of the enemy aerial and ground attacks against 127 i...

Abstract. Many areas across Iran are subject to land subsidence, a sign of exceeding stress due the over-extraction groundwater during past decades. This paper uses huge dataset Sentinel-1, acquired since 2014 in 66 image frames 250 × km, identify and monitor subsidence Iran. Using two-step time series analysis, we first zones at medium scale 100 m country. For time, our results provide compreh...

The consequences of COVID-19 on the economy and agriculture have raised many concerns about global food security, especially in developing countries. Given that security is a critical component affected by crises, beside limited studies carried out macro-impacts Iran, this paper an attempt to address dynamic impacts along with economic environmental challenges Iran. For purpose, survey was cond...

BACKGROUND Smoking is the cause for many preventable deaths worldwide. The rate of smoking has not increased in Iran in the past two decades, but its increase among adolescents and young adults is a concern. This study investigates the risk factors of initiation and continuation of smoking in Iran using a qualitative approach. METHODS This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted on ...

Pre-eclampsia is the main cause of maternal and fetal death and disability worldwide. Its incidence in the Islamic Republic of Iran is 5%-12%. Air pollution has been reported to be one of the causative factors, and this case-control study determined its effect on pre-eclampsia in 195 pregnant women (65 with pre-eclampsia and 130 without) admitted to hospitals in Tehran. Women were divided into ...