translation studies have become an accepted academic subject and books, journals and doctoral dissertations appear faster than one can read them all (bassnet and lefevere, 1990). but this field also brought with itself so many other issues which needed to be investigated more, in the heart of which, issues like ideology, ethics, culture, bilingualism and multilingualism. it is reported that ove...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

لنگش از بیماری های مهم و سبب ضررهای اقتصادی و نیز دلیل اختلال در آسایش در گله های گاو شیری است. لنگش سبب تغییر رفتار طبیعی حیوان شده و بر این اساس اسکورهای مختلف حرکتی برای تشخیص آن به وجود آمده است از جمله manson & leaver ، sprecher و cook. دراین مطالعه، گاوداری صنعتی با 1300 راس گاو دوشا در منطقه شهرکرد انتخاب و در فواصل 3 ماهه(شهریور، آذر و اسفند) در این گاوداری به 300 راس گاوی که به صورت تص...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

to explore the idea the investingation proposed, aimed at finding whether the performances of the population of iranians students studying english in an efl context are consistent in l1 and l2 writing taks and whether there is a cross-linguistic transfer in this respect. in this regard the subjects were instructed to write four compositions-two in english and two in farsi-which consisted of an ...

building on previous studies on intellectual features and learners’ grammar learning, the present study aimed at investigating whether intelligence criterion had any impact on efl learners’ english grammar learning across two intelligence levels. in the current study, the participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by administration of raven i.q. test. this led to the for...