The recent nancial crisis demonstrates that an upstream member in a supply chain usually has a weaker cash liquidity. Cash shortage a ects material supply to a downstream member, which, in turn, a ects the performance of the entire chain. This paper provides a supply chain model that integrates material and cash ows and investigates the impact of payment policies on the system performance. Spec...

Recent federal legislation establishes a merit-based incentive payment system for physicians, with a scorecard for each professional. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services evaluate quality of care with clinical performance measures and have used these metrics for public reporting and payment to dialysis facilities. Similar metrics may be used for the future merit-based incentive paymen...

Conventional risk adjustment, which sets capitation payments equal to the average cost of individuals with similar observable characteristics, is not optimal if health plans can use private information to select low-cost enrollees. "Cost-minimizing risk adjustment" minimizes the sum of capitated HMO premiums plus FFS costs by balancing the gains from HMO cost efficiency against the overpayments...

> Under the new ValueBased Purchasing program, hospitals will receive incentive payments based on how well they perform on 12 clinical process measures and nine patient experience measures or on how much their performance improves relative to a baseline performance period. > It is likely that as many hospitals will be penalized with payment reductions under the program as will benefit from paym...

Recently, market globalization and competition have forced companies to find alternative means to boost sales and revenue. The use of the cash flow is increasingly becoming a viable alternative for managers to improve their company’s profitability in a supply chain. In today’s business transactions, a supplier usually asks a manufacturer to pay via the advance-cash-credit (ACC) payment scheme i...