introduction: narcotic drug abuse and illicit use of drugs is a major, complicated multifactorial phenomenon affecting most of the societies today. incidence of drug abuse among adolescents is very high. adolescents become addicted to substances more quickly than adults. the aim of this study was to assess the pattern of drug abuse among male adolescents in hamadan. methods: this study was a de...

The following study is a qualitative investigation of the development of personality and relationships within the family constellation as it relates to the birth order of the middle child. The investigation involved triangulation—a written essay, focus group, and individual interview with each participant— employing open ended questions to explore the temporal development of sibling/parent rela...

Background Annual four to five thousand babies are born with hearing loss in the Iran. Hearing impairment is a disability that affects the quality of life of people with this problem. These individuals need to support from family and friends because of their specific conditions that this received support has impact on their quality of life. This study was conducted to assess the status of perce...

Objectives: This study examines depression, anxiety, psychosomatic indications and perceived social support among type d and non type individuals. Methods: Altogether, 300 individuals of age from 18-40 years took an interest in the investigation. Distress personality scale (DS 14), Pakistan anxiety and despondency scale, psychosomatic and perceived social support scales were utilized. The part...

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (positive adolescent training through holistic social programmes) based on eight datasets collected between 2005 and 2009. A total of 1,138 students who participated in the program were randomly invited (from the whole grade or in some classes) to write a piece of journal in the form of a weekly dia...