The underlying principles of photovoltaic energy conversion are brie&y reviewed, with particular reference to solar application. Although most photovoltaic converters to date have been based on semiconductor p–n junctions, more general structures and materials are feasible. The fundamental requirements for photovoltaic conversion are discussed, as is a generic approach for analysing the limitin...

This paper presents a model for line extension scheduled to participate in responsive loads in the power system aiming the improvement of techno-economical parameters. The model is studied with the presence of photovoltaic generators that produce variable power depending on the geographical condition. The investment cost of the transmission expansion plan, demand response operation cost, genera...

In this paper, the theory and modeling of large scale photovoltaic (PV) in the power grid and its effect on power system stability are studied. In this work, the basic module, small signal modeling and mathematical analysis of the large scale PV jointed multi-machine are demonstrated. The principal portion of the paper is to reduce the low frequency fluctuations by tuned stabilizer in the atten...

Charge regulators of the batteries are one of the parts most critical in stand-alone photovoltaic systems. The economic cost of the complete installation, for a long period of time, depends on their correct operation. This document presents a Fuzzy Logic Controller for the charge regulation in stand-alone photovoltaic systems. The optimisation, in energy management, obtained with this controlle...

As an efficient alternative to fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have attained great attention due to their sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly characteristic. However, as a deficiency, renewable energy sources have low reliability because of their non-deterministic and stochastic generation pattern. The use of hybrid renewable generation systems along with the storag...

A major drawback in using bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as structural materials is their extremely poor fatigue performance. One way to alleviate this problem is through the composite route, in which second phases are introduced into the glass to arrest crack growth. In this paper, the fatigue crack growth behavior of in situ reinforced BMGs with crystalline dendrites, which are tailored to impa...

As device dimensions are scaled down, single event transients (SET) are increasingly affecting the reliability of integrated circuits. An SET is a transient voltage perturbation caused by an energetic particle strike at the semiconductor. This work studies the applicability of bulk built in current sensors (bulk-BICS) for SET detection in deep-submicron technologies. The bulk-BICS detects the t...

Shear band spacing in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) under dynamic loads is found to vary with position and local strain rate in the indented region. To investigate the dependence of shear band evolution characteristics on local strain rate and normal stress, a micromechanical model based on momentum diffusion is proposed. The thermomechanical model takes into account the normal stress d...

in this paper, we present a simple method for preparation of graphene-zno nanocomposites (g-zno). the method is based on thermal treatment of the graphene oxide (go)/zno paste which reduces the graphene oxide into the graphene and leads to the formation of the g-zno nanocomposite. the structure, morphology and optical properties of synthesized nanocomposites are characterized with xrd, fesem, f...