abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

Problem and purpose: One of the important topics in the educational system that has been considered by researchers is thinking skills. Thinking skills are important interdisciplinary topics that can be used in various fields of humanities and social sciences. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to study scientific thinking and reflective thinking and their relationship with research s...

there is less published research about how teachers in efl contexts respond to students who are relatively less mature and less competent l2 writers. while writing researchers have examined various issues concerning peer and teacher response in writing-oriented classes, little research has centered on the effect of collaborative tasks particularly dictogloss on writing skills. output collaborat...

Purpose: This study aims at the analysis of scientific publications that have been written by Iran Public Libraries Foundations’ employees and provides a picture of their research-scientific activities. Methodology: this work is an applied research with a descriptive-analysis approach. The research population consists of scientific presentations at the First National Festival of Scientific Rese...

abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...