This article explores the failure of urban renewal in Bombay city during the ®rst quarter of the twentieth century. It shows how colonial rule structured a class-driven process of uneven urban `improvements' that actually exacerbated the problems of congestion, bad housing and environmental blight. In this process, the new forces of modernity were selectively appropriated to accentuate the diff...

Non-stationarity of the event rate is a persistent problem in modeling time series of events, such as neuronal spike trains. Motivated by a variety of patterns in neurophysiological spike train recordings, we define a general class of renewal processes. This class is used to test the null hypothesis of stationary rate versus a wide alternative of renewal processes with finitely many rate change...

This paper studies a renewal reward process with fuzzy random interarrival times and rewards under the >-independence associated with any continuous Archimedean t-norm >. The interarrival times and rewards of the renewal reward process are assumed to be positive fuzzy random variables whose fuzzy realizations are >-independent fuzzy variables. Under these conditions, some limit theorems in mean...

Ecologically Sustainable Development in Australia can be described as going beyond the protection of the environment from the impacts of pollution, to protecting and conserving natural resources. In an urban environmental context this means urban development (both greenfield development and urban renewal) that seeks to have no long term effects on various aspects of the environment related to a...

A case study of strategic renewal in the Chinese education market, this paper explores a non-directive coaching model and its impact on risk mitigation, knowledge exchange innovation through application multi-tiered manager coaches. Through an ethnographic action research methodology, we ask “Can mitigate organisational increase likelihood positive outcomes change management?” managers, acting ...

The renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned responses may provide a model for the relapse of fear following extinction-based treatments for anxiety disorders. Renewal can be observed if conditional stimulus (CS) and unconditional stimulus (US) pairings are given in one context, extinction trials of CS presentations in a second context, prior to test trials of CS presentations in the original acquisiti...

Objectives: Urban upgrading is a widely used method in developing informal settlements. The has shown high satisfaction rate among the residents of settlements Kabul city. However, after years upgraded area still lacks urban facilities. And, only implementation renewal destroyed existing community. This paper studies twin-track approach to and resettlement housing. Resettlement done using Renew...

For applying life-cycle costing, the total costs should be computed over a bounded or unbounded time horizon. In order to determine the expected costs of maintenance, renewal theory can be applied when we can identify renewals that bring a component back into the as-good-as-new condition. This paper presents useful computational techniques to determine the probabilistic characteristics of a ren...