Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, was initially considered a recent, rare and regional occurrence. We now have evidence that very similar bacteria infected humans in Europe during the ice age (Keller et al., 2012). Evidence-based data are scarce therefore many aspects of the disease remain controversial (Auwaerter et al., 2011; Lee and Vielmeyer, 2011; Perro...

Cancer, which is the second most common cause of death in many developed countries and the third one in some developing countries, is an important global public health concern (Bener et al., 2008; Herszenyi and Tulassay, 2010). According to GLOBOCAN estimates, cancer led to about 14.1 million of new cases and about 8.2 million deaths in 2012. Stomach cancer, with roughly 950,000 new cases and 7...

ATRX is a member of the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers, originally identified as mutated in patients with Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation, X-linked syndrome. The protein product contains several highly conserved domains, including an ADD (ATRXDNMT3-DNMT3L) domain that binds methylated histone H3 at lysine 9 and an ATPase domain responsible for its remodeling activities (Ratnakumar ...

This paper studies fundamental aspects of modelling data using multivariate Watson distributions. Although these distributions are natural for modelling axially symmetric data (i.e., unit vectors where ±x are equivalent), for high-dimensions using them can be difficult—largely because for Watson distributions even basic tasks such as maximumlikelihood are numerically challenging. To tackle the ...

An algorithm for bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is being developed. This mass spectral fingerprint comparison algorithm is fully automated and statistically based, providing objective analysis of samples to be identified. Based on extraction of reference fingerprint ions from test spectra, this approach should lend itself wel...

Gemcitabine (Gemcitabine), a synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside, could block DNA synthesis and inhibit RNA synthesis to some extent. It is used as the standard chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in stage II, III and IV, although it’s primarily palliative (Lau et al., 2012). As a severe result of the attack by gemcitabineinduced cytotoxicity for capillary endothelial cells (CECs), capillary...

Motivated by Samet et al. [Nonlinear Anal., 75(4) (2012), 2154-2165], we introduce the notions of $alpha$-$phi$-fuzzy contractive mapping and $beta$-$psi$-fuzzy contractive mapping and prove two theorems which ensure the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for these two types of mappings. The presented theorems extend, generalize and improve the corresponding results given in the literature.

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