background and objectives: soybean is one of the plants that need large amounts of nitrogen for grain yield production. todays bio-fertilizers are considered as a best replacement for chemical nitrogen to increase soil fertility and sustained agricultural production. meanwhile, the use of soybean symbiotic bacteria and nitroxin, which contain the most effective nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the g...

Two quaternary ammonium silanes (QAS) were used to coat silicone rubber tracheoesophageal shunt prostheses, yielding a positively charged surface. One QAS coating [(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride] was applied through chemical bonding, while the other coating, Biocidal ZF, was sprayed onto the silicone rubber surface. The sprayed coating lost its stability within an ho...

A series of polysulfone and polyacrylate-based zwitterionic coatings were prepared on epoxy-primed aluminum substrata and characterized for their antifouling (AF) and fouling-release (FR) properties towards marine bacteria, microalgae and barnacles. The zwitterionic polymer coatings provided minimal resistance against bacterial biofilm retention and microalgal cell attachment, but facilitated g...

Protective coating corrosion failure is a complicated process that involves various phenomena which are hard to test for separately. An adequately protected pipe can be in service for a relatively long time without exhibiting any signs of corrosion failure, and then all of a sudden it corrodes over a short period of time. Failure will definitely happen if the interface between the pipe surface ...

The importance of friendly bacteria in the large intestine is becoming clearer. In fact, the recent focus of research on the beneficial bacteria in the large intestine and their relationship with health outcomes has been hard to ignore. Study after study indicates that the gut microbiome is intricately related to our health and well-being. However, the extent of the benefits of the gut bacteria...