background: continuing education is one of the most effective methods to empower the employees for challenges they face on their jobs. dramatic advances in medicine, rapid cultural and social changes, increasing cost of health care, development of diagnostic technology and a transition in the pattern of diseases, highlight the necessity of continuing education in all medical groups. purpose: to...

background: mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (mvl) is an infectious disease that affects both human and ani­mals. domestic dogs ( canis familiaris ) are principal reservoir hosts of mvl caused by leishmania infantum . dogs are definitive hosts for neospora caninum and a risk factor for infecting intermediate hosts. the immunosuppression caused by visceral leishmaniasis (vl) can promote the ...

An (m,m,m)-array of order n is an n×n array such that each cell is assigned a set of at most m symbols from {1, . . . , n} such that no symbol occurs more than m times in any row or column. An (m,m,m)-array is called avoidable if there exists a Latin square such that no cell in the Latin square contains a symbol that also belongs to the set assigned to the corresponding cell in the array. We sh...

in this research by taking advantage of degradtion model ina grid system an area of 9222 km in eastern part of tehran province including eslam shahr , rey , varamin , damavand , and firooz kooh were studied . the results show that 43.8 % of the area , due to its natural condition , is not suitable for development. the rest of the area ( 42.5) due to the degradation caused by man's activiti...

BACKGROUND Rodents have important role as reservoirs of different parasites. The aim of this study was to determine helminth parasites of abundant rodents in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardabil Province northwest Iran. METHODS From April 2014 to March 2015; 205 rodents including 118 Meriones persicus, 63 Mus musculus and 24 Cricetulus migratorius were collected, using live traps. All rodents were dissecte...