[1] Seismic body waves that sample Earth’s core are indispensable for studying the most remote regions of the planet. Traditional core phase studies rely on well-defined earthquake signals, which are spatially and temporally limited. We show that, by stacking ambient-noise cross-correlations between USArray seismometers, body wave phases reflected off the outer core (ScS), and twice refracted t...

The important characteristic of sea waves is their high energy density, which is the highest among renewable energy sources. Having up to 2700 km. of shoreline, Iran has a great potential in construction of offshore wave buoys (hereafter called OWB). In this article a OWB model with the possibility of assembling different buoy configurations is introduced. The system is exposed to regular and i...

Abstract The construction of the Rajamandala hydroelectric power plant civil works has experienced critical problems that arise in implementation process, with occurrence cracks cavities conditions headrace tunnel locations. We applied cross-hole seismic tomography to detect important heterogeneities and mechanical proprieties formations between two boreholes this case inferred condition. sourc...

A coordinated use of hardware-provided bitplanes and rendering pipelines can create ray-trace quality illumination effects in real time. We provide recursive reflections through the use of secondary viewpoints, and present a method for using a homogeneous 2D projective image mapping to extend this method for refractive surfaces. We extend the traditional use of shadow volumes to provide reflect...