A systematic control structure design method is applied on the concentric heatintegrated distillation column (HIDiC) separating benzene and toluene. A degrees of freedom analysis is provided for identifying potential manipulated and controlled variables. Optimal operation is mapped and active constraints are identified for constructing the supervisory control layer. The fundamental problem of o...

Because of their scale, complexity and requirement of expandability, Large Scale Distributed Control Systems (LSDCS) are usually created in a multistep integration process. To succeed, it has to be governed by well-defined information architecture, appropriate communication infrastructure and the supervisory role of the time notion taken into consideration from the very beginning of the design ...

Photonic crystal design procedure for negative refraction has so far been based on trial and error. In this paper, for the first time, a novel and systematic design procedure based on physical and mathematical properties of photonic crystals is proposed to design crystal equi-frequency contours (EFCs) to produce negative refraction. The EFC design is performed by the help of rectangular stair-c...

abstract: minimizing the work consumed in refrigeration system is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of products in sub-ambient chemical processes. the introduction of mixed working fluids into refrigeration system in place of pure working fluids is a recent advancement applied in the field. due to the lack of systematic design method for mixed refrigerant cycle (mrc), conventional a...

The paper suggests that the increasing similarity of automobile designs is in large part due to the application of essentially the same design tools and methods across the industry. In large part, these design tools are based on strategies of trade-off and optimisation, and are thus fundamentally unable to help derive breakthrough innovation. The paper describes how innovation methods derived f...