One of the theories accounting for pragmatic development of L2 learners is Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural  theory.  This  study  investigated  the  development  of  EFL  learners'  pragmatic competence through the lens of an important concept of Vygotsky’s theory, i.e.  the  zone  of proximal  development.  The  study  was  conducted  to  answer  two  questions.  The  first  question was wheth...

In each time period, the demand of passengers for each route are finite and airlines compete for earning more profits. The complex competition among airlines causes problems, such as complicating flight planning and increasing empty seats for some routes. These problems increase air pollution and fuel consumption. To solve these problems, this research studies the cooperation of the airlines wi...

one of the necessary preconditions to provide people's active participation in performance of development plans and the most basic of preparation to pave the way for the successful implementation of the plan is selection of appropriate theory in the field of justice and welfare for this plans. in this research, while reviewing development plans of the islamic republic of iran, because the ...

extended abstract 1. introduction urbanization is a process which leads to the growth of cities and urban changes due to industrialization and economic development. in other words, urbanization is an inevitable and demographic force and movement which should not be neglected. informal settlements, which took place in europe after the industrial revolution at the time of the transition from the ...

This paper presents a research design to develop a general theory of agile project management to describe and explain the effects of adopting agile methodologies in a comprehensive and integrative way. The theory is to contain the key constructs and their relations responsible for the effects and success of agile methodologies in current practice. This theory’s scope is grander than existing th...

Agile methods are often seen as providing ways to avoid overheads typically perceived as being imposed by traditional software development environments. However, few organizations are psychologically or technically able to take on an agile approach rapidly and effectively. Here, we describe a number of approaches to assist in such a transition. The Agile Software Solution Framework (ASSF) provi...

introduction: children of the ages 5-6 are in a distinct educational condition. on the one side, they are biologically inclined toward movement and on the other side their parent’s preference toward straight and categorical education like second language starts. this study investigates the effect of neshaat language and movement integrative program on children’s gross motor development and thei...

introduction: children of the ages 5-6 are in a distinct educational condition. on the one side, they are biologically inclined toward movement and on the other side their parent’s preference toward straight and categorical education like second language starts. this study investigates the effect of neshaat language and movement integrative program on children’s gross motor development and thei...

Teamwork is a central tenet of agile software development but various teamwork theories only partially explain teamwork in that context. Big Five teamwork theory is one of the most influential teamwork theories, but prior research shows that the team leadership concept in this theory it is not applicable to agile software development. This paper applies an adapted form of Big Five teamwork theo...