This study is an attempt to find a causal relation between financial ratios and tax avoidance. Aside from direct financial responsibilities, we conjecture that firms that avoid taxes will also face indirect negative financial repercussions, such as degradation of their reputation in the investment market. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility) activities are refl...

A stock exchange is an entity which provides ‘‘trading’’ facilities for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks and other securities. How to invest in stock exchange is one of the important issues in investment, and one of the factors that can help investors in the process of investment is the efficiency of the corporation under consideration. Data envelopment analysis is a mathematical method...

tions of an independent developing nation. In this context, as in other developing countries, an important function of the Government and the CBSL was to promote the development of the country’s financial system. In the 1960s and 1970s, the major emphasis was on localising and expanding the financial system into remote areas with state support and participation. The Government intervened in the...

Prof. Turksen is a very well known scientist in the stem cell biology field and he is also internationally known for his fundamental studies on claudin-6. In addition to his research activity he is editor for the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series (Humana Press) and editor-in-chief of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.....

Eighteen plant extracts from nine traditional Mexican medicinal plants were tested for antifungal activity against two dermatophyte fungal species (Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum), one non-dermatophyte (Aspergillus niger), and one yeast (Candida albicans). The strongest effect was manifested by the hexane extracts from Eupatorium aschenbornianum and Sedum oxypetalum, as wel...

OBJECTIVES To discover how much research doctors in our area do; to describe their attitudes to research; and to evaluate the hindrances to developing research that they found. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING Area 7 of Primary Care, Madrid. PARTICIPANTS Area 7 doctors. MAIN MEASUREMENTS An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was designed in order to gather the f...

(CASNR) dates back to 1869 when the university was designated as Tennessee’s federal land-grant institution. Under terms of the Federal Land-Grant Act, the university was enabled for the first time to offer instruction in agriculture. Later, federal legislation provided resources for agricultural research and extension programming for dissemination of research findings to the people of Tennesse...

This paper develops a financial mechanism which integrates housing and the real economy through housing-secured debt. In this environment, movements in home prices are amplified through both borrowers and banks’ balance sheets, leading to a self-reinforcing credit/liquidity crunch. When placed within a traditional business cycle model, this financial structure quantitatively captures empirical ...

This paper describes the botanical features of Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), its wide variety of chemical constituents, its use in traditional medicine as remedies for many health problems, and its biological activities. The plant has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer. Phytochemical studies on the leaves and fruits of the plant ha...