abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

abstract the primary purpose of this study was to explore the actual practices and cognitions of two groups of iranian eap teachers, i.e. language teachers and content teachers, with respect to teaching reading-comprehension and vocabulary. to this end, tehran university of medical sciences which authorizes both groups of teachers to teach eap courses was selected as the context of the study s...

مراتع حدود نیمی از خشکی های جهان را در بر دارند و پوشش گیاهی آن در نتیجه تأثیر متقابل محیط و موجودات زنده به وجود آمده است و به عنوان یک اکوسیستم طبیعی مدیریت می شوند. علاوه بر مراتع، راه ها در عصر حاضر نیز از اجزا مهم و زیرساخت های اصلی زندگی نوین و توسعه کشورها به شمار می روند. جاده ها ساخته دست بشر هستند و جوامع گیاهی کنار جاده تحت تأثیر ساخت و ساز قرار دارند. پوشش "رودرال" به مجموعه ای از پ...

like any other learning activity, translation is a problem solving activity which involves executing parallel cognitive processes. the ability to think about these higher processes, plan, organize, monitor and evaluate the most influential executive cognitive processes is what flavell (1975) called “metacognition” which encompasses raising awareness of mental processes as well as using effectiv...

چارچوب نظری این مطالعه شامل یک گزارش عملکردی است و مبتنی بر تعریف شیفرین (1987) از مدل چند بعدی وابستگی مطالب است. این مطالعه 10 نشانگر گفتمان (بنابراین ، بله ، بسیار خوب ، باشه ، می دانید ، خوب ، چون، من فکر می کنم ، منظور من این است که ، در واقع) را با توجه به الگوی عملکردی مشلر(1994) در مورد نشانگرهای گفتمان طبقه بندی می کند. این مطالعه به بررسی مشخصات وقوع این عناصر در گفتار فی البداهه دانش...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

Among the verses of the holy Quran which are all illumination, some verses are remarkably prominent, enlighten other verses, and closely correspond to other verses. Understanding such verses is only possible by making use of the Quran-through-Quran interpretation method. “Tafsir al-Mizan”, which is one of the most efficient interpretations of the present age, has managed to greatly illuminate t...