The flow through a unit of a drinking water treatment plant is one of the most important parameters in terms of a unit’s effectiveness. In the present paper, a new EPAnet library is presented with the typical hydraulic elements for drinking water treatment processes well abstraction, rapid sand filtration and cascade and tower aeration. Using this treatment step library, a hydraulic model was s...

A review of plant-based coagulant sources, processes, effectiveness and relevant coagulating mechanisms for treatment of water and wastewater is presented. These coagulants are, in general, used as point-of-use technology in less-developed communities since they are relatively cost-effective compared to chemical coagulants, can be easily processed in usable form and biodegradable. These natural...

Conventional water treatment plant generates two types of process wastes, filter back wash water and sludge. Characteristic studies of these wastes reveals that it contains high solids content, metals and bacteriological concentration, which are generally more than permissible disposable standards. Direct disposal of these wastes in to natural stream pollutes the receiving streams, affects huma...

This study investigated the microbial community in a full scale anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor system for oil-produced water treatment in summer and winter. The community structures of fungi and bacteria were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand eff...

The conservation of lakes is an essential issue in sustainable development. Disruption of ecological balance, destruction of biodiversity and vegetation, desertification, and storm surges are the results of lakes drying. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrated bi-objective sustainable water resource management model. The first objective function deals with economically optimal a...

an application of new irrigation methods to increase water use efficiency is essential, due to global water shortages, and as well a consumption of more than 70% of fresh water in the agricultural sector. in this study, the effect of full irrigation (fi), partial root-zone drying (prd) treatments at two levels (provision of 75% of et (prd75) and 55% of et (prd55)) vs. deficit irrigation treatme...

In this research, to evaluate the effect of superabsorbent polymer and drought stress on the number and leaf area of Lettuce, experimental  research was conducted in a completely randomized design factorial with two treatments of irrigation regime at three levels (60, 80 and 100 percent of crop water requirement) and four superabsorbent hydrogel application (0, 4, 6 and 8 g per kg of soil) in t...