Byte pair encoding (BPE) algorithm was suggested by P. Gage is to achieve data compression. It encodes all instances of most frequent byte-pair using zerofrequency byte in the source data. This process is repeated for maximum m possible number of passes until no further compression is possible, either because there are no more frequently occurring byte pairs or there are no more unused zero-fre...

Assessment of exposure to airborne endotoxins has been studied for several years, especially in occupational environments, but a large number of procedures are used for sampling and analysis. This lack of standardization makes it very difficult to compare results and set internationally accepted threshold limit values (TLVs) or occupational exposure limits (OELs) for endotoxin exposure. This pa...

background: muscle fatigue is an important issue in neuromuscular rehabilitation. better control of this phenomenon would result in better prevention of its consequent physiological damages. objective: to provide a mathematical representation of muscle fatigue as a function of time. methods: we conducted this study by combining the emg-based estimation methods of muscle activation with the avai...

In this paper, we deal with games with fuzzy payoffs. We proved that players who are playing a zero-sum game with fuzzy payoffs against Nature are able to increase their joint payoff, and hence their individual payoffs by cooperating. It is shown that, a cooperative game with the fuzzy characteristic function can be constructed via the optimal game values of the zero-sum games with fuzzy payoff...

The best algorithms for lossless compression of text are those which adapt to the text being compressed [1]. Two classes of such adaptive techniques are commonly used. One class matches the text against a dictionary of strings seen and transforms the text into a list of indices into the dictionary. These techniques are usually formulated as a variant on Ziv-Lempel (LZ) compression. While LZ com...

Abstract We study ultradistributional boundary values of zero solutions a hypoelliptic constant coefficient partial differential operator $$P(D) = P(D_x, D_t)$$ P ( D ) = x ,...