In recent years, the Internet has emerged as a new social medium for online participants to initiate contacts, establish relationships and develop social interactions with others independent of geographical location or the need for physical presence. Aspects of these virtual environments that may mirror the physical world include the establishment and application of rules or social guidelines t...

Introduction: We discuss knowledge and expectations of services and other help available in the community to informal caregivers of stroke patients in Portugal, and their perceptions on actual experience within the next six months after patient discharge from the acute care hospital. Theory and methods: Most stroke patients are supported by close kin members, the informal caregivers, who play a...

explanation and evaluation of the book “rational choice and security studies, stephen walt and its critics”, edited by brown owen and lynn josomiller, has taken place in fact in the direction of exploration of the knowledge of security studies in international relations. in terms, examination of walt’s rational choice approach, and the formal-mathematical model, can help us to present a clear a...

Informal social control is the communication of disapproval by one individual to another individual (the perpetrator) who has transgressed a social norm. The present research examined the conditions under which social control provokes moral versus angry emotions in the perpetrator. The roles of perceived deviance and the appraisal of the legitimacy of social control as predictors of these emoti...

In gender-focused discussions of alcohol and other drug use and problems, the emphasis has usually been on the individual male or female or on the genders as aggregates of individuals. But most drinking and much drug use have strong social and interactional elements, where gender roles and often gendered interactions come into play. Drawing on the existing literature, opportunities for research...