A number of studies show a close temporal relationship between the rate of change in muscle thickness as detected by high-frequency intraluminal ultrasonography (HFIUS) and intraluminal pressure measured by manometry. There is a marked variability in esophageal contraction amplitude from one swallow to another at a given level in the esophagus and along the length of the esophagus. Furthermore,...

The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the P3a/P3b brain potentials, cortical thickness, and cognitive function in aging. Thirty-five younger and 37 older healthy participants completed a visual three-stimuli oddball ERP (event-related potential)-paradigm, a battery of neuropsychological tests, and MRI scans. Groups with short vs. long latency, and low vs. high amplitud...

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between pattern electroretinogram (PERG) amplitude, macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field (VF) loss on standard automated perimetry (SAP) in eyes with temporal hemianopia from chiasmal compression. METHODS Forty-one eyes from 41 patients with permanent temporal VF defects from chiasma...

BACKGROUND Although J-waves are seen in both patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) and the general population, their genesis remains unclear. To assess the relationship between J-waves and autonomic tone we investigated the circadian variation of J-waves in individuals with and without IVF. METHODS AND RESULTS In study 1, we obtained resting 12-lead ECG and Holter ECG record...

PURPOSE To determine the relationship between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL) swelling and eventual PRNFL atrophy, and between PRNFL swelling/atrophy and neural function, in a nonhuman primate model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (pNAION). METHODS pNAION was induced in five normal, adult male rhesus monkeys by laser activation of intravenously injected rose...

This study investigated the relationship between resistive-load (DeltaR) magnitude, the first positive peak (P1) amplitude of the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP), and load-magnitude estimation (ME). The first experiments determined the subject's (n = 9) ME of five DeltaR magnitudes randomly presented at the onset of an inspiration or by interrupting an inspiration. No significant di...

PURPOSE The authors evaluated the reliability of the coefficients of the (1) amplitude/duration and (2) amplitude/peak velocity relationships of the mean precision values and the mean latency values (saccadic eye movements) and the coefficients of the target velocity/gain relationship (smooth pursuit eye movements). They computed test-retest maximum variability limits for these parameters. ME...

Wingbeat frequency (f(w)) and amplitude (theta;(w)) were measured for 23 species of Australian bat, representing two sub-orders and six families. Maximum values were between 4 and 13 Hz for f(w), and between 90 and 150 degrees for theta;(w), depending on the species. Wingbeat frequency for each species was found to vary only slightly with flight speed over the lower half of the speed range. At ...

In the present study we examined the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on cardiomyocyte calcium handling. The effects of steady-state and transient changes in stimulation frequency on the intracellular Ca transient were investigated in isolated ventricular myocytes by spectrofluorometry. In the steady state (0.2 Hz) IL-2 (200 U/ml) decreased the amplitude and prolonged the decay of the electricall...