When a newly completed urban area does not conform to the visions, this brings disappointment for the residents and losses for the service providers in the area. In order to specify process innovations required in urban development, we conceptualise new urban areas as service innovations, and compare urban development to new service development. We conclude that developing urban areas as a proc...

Today, innovation systems are being elaborated in ever-wider areas of national space-economies. Of particular interest is the growth of academic study and practical policy towards assisting formation of regional innovation systems. Over 100 of these empirical studies have been documented worldwide and in the EU over 100 regional innovation strategies were implemented in the past decade. But new...

today, in addition to physical capital, social capital, entrepreneurship is the determining factor. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the influence of social capital on entrepreneurship; to evaluate the impact of social capital on entrepreneurial innovation is the role of mediator. the study had a sample of 130 female entrepreneurs ilam through simple random sampling has been do...

the relationship between technology and international competitiveness dates back to the neo-technological trade theories of the 1960s. this approach considers difference in technology as the primary motive for difference among nations in terms of trade performance. the technology gap approach emphasizes inter-country differences in innovativeness as the basis for international trade flows. the ...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and extract the implications of critical realism for science, technology and innovation policy-making as one of the later research traditions in social sciences. Nevertheless, its main focus, according to the different stages of the policy-making cycle and extent of its contributing factors, is on the stage of "policy evaluation". Methods: Thi...

In this commentary on the exercise of Lehoux et al (this volume) I argue that in discussions on the current challenges of health systems, a better diagnosis of the health system is required. The cause of responsible innovation in health (RIH) requires a better understanding of the dynamics of health systems, in particular how innovation, demand, and responsibility are m...

Due to the tough on-going competition between producers of commodities and services, the prices of products are continuously going down nowadays. To avoid bankruptcy in such circumstances, organizations have focused on the application of technological innovations that enable them to respond to the needs of their clients. It is to this end that they attempt to gain the market and increase their ...

acceptance of information and information diffusion are the traditional concepts that can be reviewed from another point of view. acceptance of innovation and innovation diffusion model are starting points for analyzing these concepts. these concepts have an important role in designing systems and popularization of sciences. in addition, it is considerable in library and information studies whi...