INTRODUCTION Rdonor nephrectomy (LDN)(1,2) and now it is performed in the most major transplant centers for donor nephrectomy. Further attempts are made to make this minimally invasive technique more acceptable for donors by introducing transumbilical and pfannenstiel laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) nephrectomy.(3,4) not only more cosmetic comparing to standard laparoscopy (SL), but...

Life-history theory predicts that small species will exhibit short life-spans and fast growth rates; however, previous studies indicate that a positive relationship between size and maximum age may not be universally applicable to coral reef fishes. Here, we investigate the growth and life-span of 5 small species of coral reef goby (family Gobiidae): Istigobius goldmanni, Asterropteryx semipunc...

Economists have long thought of technological progress as a primary determinant of rising living standards over time. One might think of technological progress as increasing the “effectiveness” of labor, thereby raising the amount of output that each unit of labor can produce. The purpose of this paper is to ask whether, as an empirical matter, technological progress increases the productivity ...

conservatively. None of the patients had sensory, speech, chewing and laughing problems after surgery. Temporary sagging of upper lip related to levator muscle damage was seen in one patient, but it improved at 6th month. Three patients were good and 7 patients were very good satisfied with nasal shape and face symmetry. Nine patients reported that the donor side of the face looked like younger...

The diagnosis of late life hypogonadism is controversial. For the purposes of discussion, it is suggested that treatment of late life hypogonodism requires the presence of symptoms, a low level of circulating free or bioavailable testosterone level and a positive response to treatment. While this may appear to be a radical proposal, we believe it represents the most rigorous scientific approach...

introduction: topographic anatomy of the tendons and ligaments in healthy cases provides a normal atlas to diagnose abnormalities. the aim of this study was to provide ultrasonography description of the palmar tendons and ligaments of the anatoly donkey. methods: the metacarpal regions of 6 healthy anatoly donkeys were prepared for ultrasonography and divided to 6 levels (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b...