The main objective of this research is to establish the analytical framework enemy-based foreign policy in order understand certain actions Russia’s towards Ukraine during invasion 2022. Through a literature review on construction enemy, analysis academic and journalistic sources, as well Vladimir Putin’s speeches other official positions from Kremlin, we determine that oriented reconfiguration...

In this article, we present quantitative evidence for the first time of effect US power politics on expansion its export market from late nineteenth century to eve Second World War. Like other empires, imperial policy was expressed through annexation, gunboat policies, and asymmetrical trade agreements. We find that exports territories became colonies or protectorates those involved in military...

This article describes the creeping occupation of Georgian territories and Russian aggression against local civilian population. It explains in detail how Russia violates international norms rules treats population occupied Georgia. Since territories, constantly discriminates people them very inhumanly. Many families were forced to abandon Abkhazia South Ossetia due this inhuman treatment. The ...

Introduced in the 1850s, military-public administration, along with institute of viceroyalty, was one main distinguishing features special administrative status Caucasus as part Russian Empire. Various aspects this system have been object historians’ research many times. However, period from 1880s to 1917 is still poorly studied. The article devoted analysis circumstances discussion, developmen...

murder is among the most abominable human acts and the most criminal behavior of mankind; in shī’a jurisprudence, punishment for deliberate murder is qiṣāṣ (retaliated punishment) in general. on the basis of this general principle, murder of child by father is regarded as an exception. on that account, the ruling concerning the mother in this respect is set forth and with respect to the solidit...