pCD4, a small, highly stable theta-replicating lactococcal plasmid, was used to develop a food-grade cloning system. Sequence analysis revealed five open reading frames and two putative cis-acting regions. None appears to code for undesirable phenotypes with regard to food applications. Functional analysis of the replication module showed that only the cis-acting ori region and the repB gene co...

Among 97 bacterial isolates, 74 strains of Staphylococcus spp developed from 95 swabs taken from skin lesions in dogs. Twenty-eight staphylococcal strains resistant to methicillin and/or oxacillin were identified and mecA expression was confirmed for 14 of these strains. S. aureus and S. intermedius group (SIG) strains were particularly relevant in our cases due to their antibiotic resistance l...

Progress in the field of mycobacterial research has been hindered by the inability to readily generate defined mutant strains of the slow-growing mycobacteria to investigate the function of specific genes. An efficient method is described that has been used to generate several mutants, including the first double unmarked deletion strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Four mutants were construct...

conclusions according to the results, six strains were resistant to six or seven antibiotics and all strains were at least resistant to two antibiotics. however, for each of these resistant bacteria one bacteriophage was isolated from environmental samples, which showed the effectiveness of bacteriophages to remove clinically resistant e. coli strains. effective phages in vitro showed effective...

AIMS To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two semiautomated systems against a conventional (MIC 2000) test system for the identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria. METHODS Clinical isolates of Gram negative bacilli (188 urinary and 229 non-urinary strains) were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility in the Cobas Micro and MIC 2000 systems. O...

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic which is approved for the treatment of anaerobic, streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. There has been an increased interest in the use of clindamycin since it achieves high intracellular levels in phagocytic cells, high levels in bone and appears to have an antitoxin effect against the toxin elaborating strains of streptococci and staphylococci. C...

In studying the interplay between mutation frequencies and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli natural isolates, we observed that modest modifications of mutation frequency may significantly influence the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The strains having intermediate mutation frequencies have significantly more antibiotic resistances than strains having low and high mutation frequ...

conclusions all the staphylococcus aureus strains and enterococcus faecium strains were sensitive to members of the oxazolidinone class of linezolid drug. development of multi drug resistance by gram positive bacteria constitutes a very serious challenge for medical practice. despite these rising rates, it is impossible to distinguish where they have originated from and special attention has th...

shigella sonnei is considered as a major cause of diarrheal disease in both developing and developed countries. iran is one of the endemic areas of shigellosis. the present study was undertaken to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic relatedness of s. sonnei strains isolated from pediatric patients in tehran, iran.the study included all s. sonnei strains isolated from pediatric...