Function words play an important role in sentence structures and express grammatical relationships with other words. Most statistical machine translation (SMT) systems do not pay enough attention to translations of function words which are noisy due to data sparseness and word alignment errors. In this paper, a novel method is designed to separate the generation of target function words from ta...

aim and background: the aim of current study was to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of parenting stress index-short form (psi-sf) among tehran city's mothers with 7-12 year-old children. methods and materials: after translation, back translation and adaptation of instrument, due to normalization this instrument by applied survey design, 468 mothers from those which s...

the present article reports a study carried out to investigate whether or not awareness of functional translation theories has any impact on the translation quality of translator trainees. 2oo iranian undergraduate students took part in this study. they were divided into four groups -two- experimental and two control groups. after homogenizing the participants by a toefl test, a translation pre...

Introduction: A significant gap between the number of individuals who need mental health care and the ones who actually have access to it has been consistently demonstrated in studies conducted in different countries. Recognizing the barriers to care and their contributions to delaying or preventing access to mental health services is a key step to improve the management of mental health care. ...

objective: to translate the structured clinical interview for dsm-iv axisi disorders (scid-i) into persian (farsi) and to adapt this instrument for the iranian culture. method: the scid was translated into persian using an elaborate procedure to achieve a satisfactory cross-cultural equivalent. this included forward translation by bilingual (english/persian) translators, discussion and revision...

Frameshift mutations in protein-coding DNA sequences produce a drastic change in the resulting protein sequence, which prevents classic protein alignment methods from revealing the proteins’ common origin. Moreover, when a large number of substitutions are additionally involved in the divergence, the homology detection becomes difficult even at the DNA level. To cope with this situation, we pro...

this paper introduces discretionary imprecise data in data envelopment analysis (dea) and discusses the efficiency evaluation of decision making units (dmus) with non-discretionary imprecise data. then, suggests a method for evaluation the efficiency of dmus with non-discretionary imprecise data. when some inputs and outputs are imprecise and non-discretionary, the dea model becomes non-linear ...