introduction: primary schools are children's first social environments. other people's attitudes towards environmental hazards play a key role in developing children's personality. this study aimed to identify and assess the environmental risks (such as emission of pollutants into the air, discharge of pollutants into water and soil, energy consumption, etc.) in shohadaye kork gi...

abstract background and objectives: study of clinical competence in nursing helps determine the quality of health care delivered to patients. given the priority of observance of principles over caretaking and necessity of spirituality existence at the core of health care provision, this study was conducted to investigate clinical competence and its relationship with professional ethics and spir...

drug and health literacy is a key determinant of health outcomes. there are several tools to assess drug and health literacy. the objective of this article is to determine drug literacy level and its relationships with other factors using a single screening tool. a cross- sectional survey was conducted among 1104 people in qazvin province, iran. based on the proportional-to-size method, partici...

A postgraduate programme is developed to provide Family Medicine training to practising General Practitioners. The programme provides physicians with didactic material by distance education while enhancing clinical competence through face-to-face sessions in ambulatory clinics. Assessment of participating physicians is based on the responses to distance education assignments, case presentations...

Problem-based learning (PBL) is popular in medical education in Japan. We wished to understand the influence of PBL on the clinical competence of medical residents, using self-assessment and observer assessment. Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWMU) implemented PBL longitudinally (long-time) for four years, and on this basis we analyzed whether long-time PBL education is useful for clinical w...

An objective structured long examination record (OSLER) is a modification of the long-case clinical examination and is mainly used in medical education. This study aims to obtain nursing students' views of the OSLER compared with the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which is used to assess discrete clinical skills. A sample of third-year undergraduate nursing students (n=21) vo...

Self-directed and problem oriented learning are significant components of effective adult education (Knowles, 1990), yet for various reasons are difficult to foster in higher education institutions. Given the role of fear/ safety issues in the adult learning process (Sappington, 1984), it is argued that the threatening nature of assessment, and indeed the forms of assessment, such as examinatio...

With the increased interest in the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) come questions about the implications for assessment. Entrustment assessment combines the evaluation of learners' knowledge, skills, and behaviors with the evaluation of their readiness to be entrusted to perform critical patient care...