The Kenyan microfinance industry faces many challenges. Studies point to nonperforming loans as one of the main problems facing institutions in Kenya, which has led reduced profitability and institutional collapse some cases. Noncompliance with credit monitoring loan policy provisions have been cited factors leading increased non-performing loans. objective was determine effect Credit Monitorin...

Following an innovative approach, the effects of financial report quality on use trade credit in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are examined. This effect is considered a direct indirect way. Firstly, we analyze whether SMEs with low-quality information more likely to as resource. Secondly, investigate relationship between bank moderated by reports. For empirical analysis, sample Span...

Many factors innuence a learning process and the performance of a learned classiier. In this paper we investigate the eeects of class distribution in the training set on performance. We also study diierent methods of measuring performance based on cost models and the performance eeects of training class distribution with respect to the diierent cost models. Observations from these eeects help u...

Many factors innuence a learning process and the performance of a learned classiier. In this paper we investigate the performance eeects of class distribution in the training set. We also study diierent methods of measuring performance based on cost models and the performance eeects of training class distribution with respect to the diierent cost models. Observations from these eeects help us d...

The Chinese government provides policy care and support for the financing development of small micro enterprises, which has effectively alleviated problem difficulties enterprises. However, from a longer time scale, objectively, enterprises inevitably have operational problems such as false financial information, operators' Moral hazard, weak credit awareness. At same time, China's commercial b...

Moody’s analysts and sell-side equity analysts adjust GAAP earnings as part of their research. We show that adjusted earnings definitions of Moody’s analysts are significantly lower than those of equity analysts when companies exhibit higher downside risk, as measured by volatility in idiosyncratic stock returns, volatility in negative market returns, poor earnings, and loss status. Relative to...

Ž . MasterCard International and VISA International recently proposed the Secure Electronic Transaction SET protocol. Constrained by being an extension of the existing card payment networks to the Internet, SET does not satisfy the concern about privacy infringement, in particular, caused by data aggregation. This paper revises SET, guided by the principle of information segregation and hiding....