the economy's dependence on oil revenues and derivatives of these products make the country's economy heavily influenced by the volatility and instability of the pricing of these products. therefore, it seems necessary to develop non-oil exports. this paper examines the causality relation and the effect of foreign direct investment, economic openness and real exchange rate on non-oil ...

A multitude of research works and surveys dealing with ontology reuse point to a discrepancy between ontology engineers and users when interpreting the meaning of ontology concepts. Missing the engineers’ knowledge of the concepts’ usage in certain contexts may lead to problems (e.g., pragmatic heterogeneity) in the interpretation task caused by the lack of the users’ capability to comprehend d...

This Correspondence article is a comment which directly relates to the paper "A study of problems encountered in Granger causality analysis from a neuroscience perspective" ( Stokes and Purdon, 2017). We agree that interpretation issues of Granger causality (GC) in neuroscience exist, partially due to the historically unfortunate use of the name "causality", as described in previous literature....

a large number of verses in holy quran deal with the issues of women, such as their rights and duties and the juridical commandments about them. in addition, the names of some famous women have been pointed out in some of its chapters (surahs) who played main roles in quranic stories or historical events. utilizing library sources, women-related quranic verses which have been brought in third e...

The quantity equation is a well-established, theoretic, long-run concept that has been criticized for variety of reasons, i.e., no precise statements about causality or dynamics between money growth and inflation can be inferred from its components. These shortcomings tackled by estimating based upon holistic approach the performance ceteris paribus analysis various levels velocity money, as we...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...