BACKGROUND We quantified the air quality benefits of a smoke-free workplace law in Boston Massachusetts, U.S.A., by measuring air pollution from secondhand smoke (SHS) in 7 pubs before and after the law, comparing actual ventilation practices to engineering society (ASHRAE) recommendations, and assessing SHS levels using health and comfort indices. METHODS We performed real-time measurements ...

Decreasing heating needed energy of building located in mountainous areas without any urban infrastructure of energy supply and services is one of the most important things to get thermal comfort. Accordingly, using building conditions based on different types of applicability and passive design strategies should be considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to achieve the pro...

The office is an important part of our daily life, people spend most their time doing works inside the and therefore quality indoor environment a significant factor affecting productivity happiness users. Many factors ınfluence pattern airflow: air quality, thermal comfort energy saving in room. In this study, effects square diffusers on investigated numerically for Numerical research was subse...

The analysis of thermal comfort in buildings, energy consumption, and occupant satisfaction is crucial to influencing the architectural design methodologies future. However, research these fields developing countries sectorised. Most times, standards study assess such as ASHRAE Standard 55, EN 15251, ISO 7730 are insufficient not appropriate for geographical areas application. This article pres...

The paper describes reasons for a new Gbit/s-Network as there are growing quantitative and qualitative demands caused by increasing traffic and by new innovative applications. Based on traffic measurements forecasts for a new network were made. The G-WiN backbone platform will be based on SDH/DWDM technology. The G-WiN will offer the following services: • IP (PoS) ( in the first phase „best eff...

For matrix games we study how small nonzero probability must be used in optimal strategies. We show that for n × n win-lose-draw games (i.e. (−1, 0, 1) matrix games) nonzero probabilities smaller than n are never needed. We also construct an explicit n × n win-lose game such that the unique optimal strategy uses a nonzero probability as small as n. This is done by constructing an explicit (−1, ...