Cold formability of material is influenced by all factors participating in the forming process. The crucial factors include the sheet material, whose formability is the most often evaluated according to its yield point, tensile strength and their ratio, elongation, uniform deformation, their combination, etc. [1]. In the forming process, these material characteristics are significantly influenc...

Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are engineered to have both high strength and enhanced formability characteristics. Yet, the formed components undergo springback due to elastic recovery after removal of the forming tools. This severely affects the dimensional accuracy of the part. Many techniques have been evolved to deal with springback. A simple approach is to design forming tools that c...

heat exchangers are one of the most important devices of mechanical systems in modernsociety. most industrial processes involve the transfer of heat and more often they requirethe heat transfer process to be controlled. a heat exchanger is the heat exchanged betweentwo media, one being cold and the other being hot. there are different types of heatexchanger, but the type which is widely used in...

This work compares the relative importance of material anisotropy in sheet forming as compared to other material and process variables. The comparison is made quantitative by the use of normalized dependencies of depth to failure (forming limit is reached) on various measures of anisotropy, as well as strain and rate sensitivity, friition, and tooling. Comparisons are made for a variety of form...