A loop series expansion for the partition function of a general statistical model on a graph is carried out. If the auxiliary probability distributions of the expansion are chosen to be a fixed point of the belief-propagation equation, the first term of the loop series gives the Bethe-Peierls free energy functional at the replicasymmetric level of the mean-field spin glass theory, and correctio...

Tissue expansion has become a major reconstructive modality in the past 30 years. Its application in the pediatric population has allowed the plastic surgeon to achieve functional and esthetic goals that were previously unobtainable. Tissue expansion is a major treatment modality in the management of giant congenital nevi and secondary reconstruction of extensive burn scars, allowing sensate ti...

Articular cartilage, the load-bearing tissue of the joint, has limited repair and regeneration ability. The scarcity of treatment modalities for large chondral defects has motivated researchers to engineer cartilage tissue constructs that can meet the functional demands of this tissue in vivo. Cartilage tissue engineering requires 3 components: cells, scaffold, and environment. ...

Background and purpose: Transverse problems in the maxilla (high arched- narrow hard plates) can cause respiratory disorders. Palatal expansion can be helpful in this way. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of bone borne expansion and tooth borne palatal expansion on airway volume. Materials and methods: A review study was performed by search in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Em...

The spatial gradient expansion of the generating functional was recently developed by Parry, Salopek, and Stewart to solve the Hamiltonian constraint in EinsteinHamilton-Jacobi theory for gravitationally interacting dust and scalar fields. I use the spatial gradient expansion to derive an order-by-order solution of the Hamiltonian constraint for gravitationally interacting electromagnetic and s...

A bi-isotropic magneto-electric metamaterials is modeled by two independent reservoirs. The reservoirs contain a continuum of three dimensional harmonic oscillators, which describe polarizability and magnetizability of the medium. The paper aimed to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field on bi-isotropic. Starting with a total Lagrangian and using Euler-Lagrange equation, researcher cou...

In solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas, increased frequencies of functional CD4 CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have been previously demonstrated. In healthy individuals, Treg cells consist not only of memory but also of naive T cells, which can undergo peripheral expansion and are characterized by a relative enrichment for autoreactive T-cell receptors. Here, we demonstrate in pati...

Recently it has been shown that the heuristic Rosenfeld functional derives from the virial expansion for particles which overlap in one center. Here, we generalize this approach to any number of intersections. Starting from the virial expansion in Ree-Hoover diagrams, it is shown in the first part that each intersection pattern defines exactly one infinite class of diagrams. Determining their a...

In this paper we propose an algorithm for the detection of edges in images that is based on topological asymptotic analysis. Motivated from the Mumford–Shah functional, we consider a variational functional that penalizes oscillations outside some approximate edge set, which we represent as the union of a finite number of thin strips, the width of which is an order of magnitude smaller than thei...