Free vibration of sandwich plates with temperature dependent functionally graded (FG) face sheets in various thermal environments is investigated. The material properties of FG face sheets are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary continuously through the thickness according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Also, the material properties ...

In this article, the effect of size-dependent on the buckling and vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) double-layer boron nitride plate based on classical plate theory (CPT) under electro-thermo-mechanical loadings which is surrounded by elastic foundation is examined. This subject is developed using modified couple stress theory. Using Hamilton's principle, the governing equations of...

Recently, to further improve the performance of aluminum foam, functionally graded (FG) aluminum foams, whose pore structure varies with their position, have been developed. In this study, three types of FG aluminum foam of aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 with combinations of two different amounts of added blowing agent titanium(II) hydride (TiH₂) powder were fabricated by a friction stir weld...

For a functionally graded (FG) circular cylinder loaded by uniform pressures on the inner and the outer surfaces and Young’s modulus varying in the radial direction, we find lower and upper bounds for Young’s modulus of the energetically equivalent homogeneous cylinder. That is, the strain energies of the FG and the homogeneous cylinders are equal to each other. For a typical power law variatio...

We analyze active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of functionally graded (FG) shells under a thermal environment using vertically and obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezocomposites (PZCs) and investigate the performance of PZCs as materials for the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment. The shell’s deformations are analyzed by using a modified first-order shear deformation theory and the finite e...

This paper presents an investigation on thermo-electro-mechanical nonlinear low-velocity impact behaviors of the geometrically imperfect functionally graded (FG) graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) beam with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers. Both uniformly distributed and FG patterns graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are considered along thickness GRC host beam. The effective Young’s modulus is ...

The spread of different material processing technologies has led to the novel methods developed for reinforcing structural members. One these approaches is add carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with distributions through matrix phase composite materials improve its properties. Due superior properties such as lightweight and high values elastic modulus, strain, failure CNTs can be used reinforce structure...

This study presents an analytical solution for free vibration analysis of two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG) porous sandwich beams. The equations motion the beam were derived using Hamilton's principle, and then Galerkin method was employed to solve equations. material properties beams vary with thickness length each layer according power-law function. mechanical gradually changed from...

This paper deals with the determination of displacement function and thermal stresses of a finite length isotropic functionally graded hollow cylinder subjected to uniform temperature field. The solution of the governing thermoelastic equation is obtained, as suggested by Spencer et al. for anisotropic laminates.  Numerical calculations are also carried out for FGM (Functionally graded material...