Editorials 315 Public policy-making is an increasingly complex undertaking in a globalizing world, especially as policy domains formerly viewed in isolation become more intertwined. This complexity marks the interplay between health, intellectual property and trade policies. Can such interplay be managed so as to enhance the discovery, development and delivery of medical technologies for better...

Medical plants have a great value in traditional knowledge related to human health care both used whole plant or consisting in curative remedies. These valuable uses has been led to commercial use of medicinal plants and their derivatives which makes great benefits. Also there is a growing desire to use of completely natural materials as curative drugs around the world. These facts show up a gr...

Substantial uncertainty exists regarding the causal effect of health insurance on the utilization of care. Most studies cannot determine whether the large differences in healthcare utilization between the insured and the uninsured are due to insurance status or to other unobserved differences between the two groups. In this paper, we exploit a sharp change in insurance coverage rates that resul...

moral hazards are the result of an expansive range of factors mostly originating in the patients’ roles. the objective of the present study was to investigate patient incentives for moral hazards using the experiences of experts of basic iranian insurance organizations. this was a qualitative research. data were collected through semi-structured interviews. the study population included all exp...

Can TCEs crumble under the protection of intellectual property? This question is prompted by disparity between characteristics and property criteria. article emphasize necessity significance establishing a system outside Intellectual Property or special (sui generis) to protect because law cannot be modified accommodate TCEs. The only protects moral economic rights individuals, not cultural com...

A large empirical literature found that the correlation between insurance purchase and ex post realization of risk is often statistically insignificant or negative. This is inconsistent with the predictions from the classic models of insurance a la Akerlof (1970), Pauly (1974) and Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) where consumers have one-dimensional heterogeneity in their risk types. It is sugges...