Audiovisual material accompanied by interlingual subtitles is a powerful pedagogical tool which can help improve the vocabulary learning of second-language learners. This study was intended to determine whether or not the mode (standard and reversed) of subtitling affects the incidental vocabulary acquisition of Iranian L2 learners while watching TV programs. Forty-five participants were random...

Introduction: Research on the Hawthorne Effect suggests that behavior changes dramatically when participants know they are being watched (Kidwai and Abujudeh 2015). However, it is unknown if the Hawthorne Effect affects neural responses as measured by event related potentials (ERPs). It is also not known whether the Hawthorn Effect affects incidental learning. We hypothesize that telling partic...