Abstract Unambiguous identification of the measurement methodologies is fundamental to reduce uncertainty and support traceability particle shape size at nanoscale. In this work, critical aspects in atomic force microscopy measurements, that is, drawbacks on sample preparation, instrumental parameters, image pre-processing, reconstruction, tip enlargement, are discussed reference quantitative d...

We describe the two species of the toxic Pfiesteria complex to date (Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae), their complex life cycles, and the characteristics required for inclusion within this complex. These species resemble P. piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder and also have a) strong attraction to fresh fish tissues and excreta, b) toxic activity stimulated by live fish, and c) produ...

The positions of cations in x-ray structures are modulated by sequence, conformation, and ligand interactions. The goal here is to use x-ray diffraction to help resolve structural and thermodynamic roles of specifically localized cations in DNA-anthracycline complexes. We describe a 1.34 A resolution structure of a CGATCG(2)-adriamycin(2) complex obtained from crystals grown in the presence of ...

Cobaltabisdicarbollide (COSAN) [3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2](-), is a complex boron-based anion that has the unusual property of self-assembly into membranes and vesicles. These membranes have similar dimensions to biological membranes found in cells, and previously COSAN has been shown to pass through synthetic lipid membranes and those of living cells without causing breakdown of membrane barrier p...

Inspired by nature's ability to fabricate supramolecular nanostructures from the bottom-up, materials scientist have become increasingly interested in the use of biomolecules like DNA, peptides, or proteins as templates for the creation of novel nanostructures and nanomaterials. Although the advantages of self-assembling biomolecular structures clearly lie in their chemical diversity, spatial c...

"Organic chemical nomenclature is an infuriating subject." So wrote Cahn in 1959. One of the fundamental differences between organic and inorganic chemistry is that carbon atoms have the property of Unking on to one another to form chains or rings. The ordinary inorganic molecular formula rarely contains more than ten atoms, but the organic molecule may number its component atoms in dozens, in ...

In this article, we focus on the important role of solvent donor and acceptor properties of ionic liquids in the elucidation of inorganic reaction mechanisms. For this purpose, mechanistic and structural studies on typical inorganic reactions, performed in ionic liquids, have been conducted. The presented systems range from simple complex-formation and ligand-substitution reactions to the activ...