Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are two different types of chronic noninfectious gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, namely Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis. Renal involvement exists among the extraintestinal involvements IBD. IBD renal in form glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrolithiasis, amyloidosis. In this article, a 79-year-old male patient who presented wi...

The microbiota inhabits the gastrointestinal tract, providing essential capacities to host. is a crucial factor in intestinal health and regulates physiology. However, disturbances, named dysbiosis, can disrupt homeostasis, leading development of diseases. Classically, has been referred as bacteria, though other organisms form this complex group, including viruses, archaea, eukaryotes such fung...

The panel of laboratory tests available for diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in dogs and cats is wide, and, recently, several new tests have been developed. This article will focus on advances in laboratory tests that are available for the general practitioner for diagnosis of GI diseases. Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastric and intestinal infectious diseases include fecal para...

The spectrum of gluten-related disorders has widened in recent times and includes celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy. The complex of symptoms associated with these diseases, such as diarrhea, constipation or abdominal pain may overlap for the gluten related diseases, and furthermore they can be similar to those caused by various other intestinal diseases, such as i...

The pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) involves multiple and overlapping immunological, biochemical, and hemodynamic mechanisms that modulate the effects of both the initial insult and the subsequent repair. Limited but recent experimental data have revealed that the intestinal microbiota significantly affects outcomes in AKI. Additional evidence shows significant changes in the intes...

The pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) involves multiple and overlapping immunological, biochemical, and hemodynamic mechanisms that modulate the effects of both the initial insult and the subsequent repair. Limited but recent experimental data have revealed that the intestinal microbiota significantly affects outcomes in AKI. Additional evidence shows significant changes in the intes...