The present study tracked activation pattern differences in response to sign language processing by late hearing second language learners of American Sign Language. Learners were scanned before the start of their language courses. They were scanned again after their first semester of instruction and their second, for a total of 10 months of instruction. The study aimed to characterize modality-...

Drawing on Norton Peirce's (1995) theory of investment and Darvin and Norton's (2015) expanded the model of investment, the present study aims to research investment in second language (L2) learning among Iranian English language learners. The participants included 852 male and female English language learners belonging to different age groups and English language proficiency levels. A ...

Abstract Armed with technological development, the present study aimed at gauging the effectiveness of exposure to news and movies as two types of audiovisual programs in improving language learners’ listening comprehension at the intermediate level. To this end, a listening comprehension test was administered to 108 language learners and finally 60 language learners were selected as intermedia...

the present research aims to study the effects of syllabic structure in standard tajiki persian on the pronunciation of standard iranian persian words and the joint loanwords in these languages. this descriptive study used optimality theory, as a recent branch of generative grammar, to analyse the errors. to that end, ten tajiki-speaking persian learners, studying at imam khomeini international...

We present an attempt to extract a largescale Japanese learners’ corpus from the revision log of a language learning SNS. This corpus is easy to obtain in largescale, covers a wide variety of topics and styles, and can be a great source of knowledge for both language learners and instructors. We also demonstrate that the extracted learners’ corpus of Japanese as a second language can be used as...

the literature has already been a basic component in teaching foreign / second languages curriculum in comparing with other materials, therefore, this forces instructors to use literature for two purposes: first, teaching literature for literature and second , use of literature as a linguistic resource in order to improving language skill of learners, and this is important issue in applied ling...

over the past 25 years, autonomy has been a popular focus for discussion and increasingly influential in foreign language educa- tion. most research is concentrated on learner autonomy, while teacher autonomy has been seriously neglected. recently, however, researchers and experts have realized that to enhance learner autonomy, we must enhance teacher autonomy (e.g., benson 2000; little 1995; l...