Because of the complexity of decision-making environment, the uncertainty of fuzziness and the uncertainty of grey maybe coexist in the problems of multi-attribute group decision making. In this paper, we study the problems of multi-attribute group decision making with hybrid grey attribute data (the precise values, interval numbers and linguistic fuzzy variables coexist, and each attribute val...

pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. the importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that american...

adopting a humanistic, communicative-based approach to semiotics, this paper aims at investigating the status of linguistic signs and their interaction with other communicative signs. the status of linguistic sign is first studied in semiotic theories spanning ancient, middle ages and modern era. based on the commonalities envisaged in four contemporary semiotic theories done in the spirit of t...

based on how formal a conversation is, how much familiar the speaker and the listeners are with each other and how distant is the speaker's social status from the listener's one, the speaker uses certain forms of language known as styles of language. linguistic styles are different from language varieties. selection of the styles depends on definite social situations and the kind of r...

Abstract Foreign language learners frequently use words from their previously acquired language(s) in the target language, especially if these languages are related (Ringbom, Håkan. 2001. Lexical transfer L3 production. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), Cross-linguistic influence third acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives , 59–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters...

The article illustrates the numerous contexts and multifaceted nature of LGBTQ+ persons’ rights to citizenship, have a correct civil status record, or benefit from tax reductions exemptions on same terms as other citizens, e.g., those in heterosexual unions. It shows how complicated it has become adjudicate matters that, view subject-matter regulation, should be relatively clear predictable. Re...