This paper presents the servomotor structure suitable for sensorless drives based on high-frequency injection method. The position estimation accuracy is related to saliency ratio of motor. Although motor with increasing load has been reported, mechanism phenomenon not explained.

Elaboration of appropriate responses to behavioral situations rests on the ability of selecting appropriate motor outcomes in accordance to specific environmental inputs. To this end, the primary motor cortex (M1) is a key structure for the control of voluntary movements and motor skills learning. Subcortical loops regulate the activity of the motor cortex and thus contribute to the selection o...

BACKGROUND The age standardised death rate from motor neuron disease (MND) has increased from 1.29 to 2.74 per 100,000, an increase of 112.4% between 1959 and 2013. It is clear that genetics could not have played a causal role in the increased rate of MND deaths over such a short time span. We postulate that environmental factors are responsible for this rate increase. We focus on lead additive...

AIMS This study is to evaluate the spinal cord motor function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In this study, 40 patients were diagnosed to have AD. The stages of dementia were evaluated using Mini Mental State Examination and Activity of Daily Living scale. According to the levels of movement disturbances, the patient group was further divided into dyskinesia subgroup (14 c...

Objective The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether cognitive behavioral group therapy has a positive impact on psychiatric, and motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods We assigned 20 PD patients with a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder to either a 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group or a psychoeducational protocol. For the neurological examin...

Molecular motors often work collectively inside the cell. While the properties of individual motors have been extensively studied over the last decade, much less is known on how motors coordinate their action when working in ensembles. The motor collective behaviour in conditions where they contact each other, as in intracellular transport, may strongly depend on their mutual interactions. In p...

BACKGROUND Infant developmental delays have been associated with several risk factors, such as familial environmental, individual and demographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to longitudinally investigate the effects of maternal knowledge and practices, home environment and biological factors on infant motor and cognitive outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study wi...

One of the most important case in humanoid robot designing is hand, which it consider as an country development. High percentage of robot work quality depend on hand capability. A robot function increase with hand movement. One of important movement in artificial hand capability relate to fingers lateral movement. This case has more effect intake of special objects such as round shape or moving...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the measurement properties (including rating scale performance, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning) of the fine motor scale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition in children, by using the Rasch analysis. DESIGN A total of 419 children (including 342 typically developing children and 77 children with fine motor delays or difficultie...