The emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge in tuberculosis treatment and control. In addition, multidrug resistance (MDR) and, more broadly, extensive drug resistance (XDR) have hampered treatment with common antibiotics. Thus, an herbal medicine containing antimicrobial capability can be a good alternative to antituberculosis drugs. In this study, we re...

objective(s): tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases with high mortality rates worldwide, especially in developing countries. interleukin17 (il-17) is an important acquired immunity cytokine, which is mainly produced by cd4+th17 cells. it can recruit neutrophils and macrophages to the infected site in the lungs. il-23 is one of the most important inducers of il-17. in the...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis rapidly reduces nitrate, leading to the accumulation of nitrite. This characteristic served for the past 40 years to differentiate M. tuberculosis from other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), such as Mycobacterium bovis (non-BCG [referred to here as simply "M. bovis"]), Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium africanum, or Mycobacterium microti....

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most common diseases in developing countries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis has varied clinical presentations, varying from common primary pulmonary tuberculosis to the extremely rare tubercular otitis externa, as in this case. Tubercular otitis externa has an extremely low clinical incidence.   Case Report: We report the...

background and aims: infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .the th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from tgf-b and il-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in the extracellular milieu.t helper 9 (th9) cells,a novel cd4 t cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. in this art...

objective: antigen 85 complex of mycobacterium tuberculosis includes three immunogenic proteins which are important tb vaccine candidates. the use of these protein as a component of subunit vaccines, as a part of dna vaccines or recombinant bcg boosters, enhances their recombinant production. recombinant production of these mycobacterial proteins located in the cell wall somehow differs from th...

conclusions the results of the current study showed a high rate of co-infection of m. tuberculosis and p. jirovecii in the iranian patients with hiv. as the immune system condition worsened, the probability of occurrence of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) increased. therefore, more specific, most rapid and sensitive tests should be utilized for diagnosis of pcp in this group of patients. results a...

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 , 2 (HTLV-1, 2) is endemic in Particular Areas of the world in which it is associated with myeloid leukemia.In this study, we described the prevalence of HTLV-1, 2 in myeloid leukemia and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Iran. We have worked with tissue and blood samples for 2 years. These were the same samples which were positive for myeloid leukemia, Mycoba...

four cases of polyarthritis concomitant with active tuberculosis is reported. in three patients pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed by identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, and in another one tuberculous lymphadenitis was confirmed by excisional biopsy. in all patients arthritis resolved by tuberculosis treatment and did not recur duri...