undobtedly, the information and communication technology (ict) has affected the country’s economic and social interactions. the networked readiness index (nri) comprising four subindexes that measure the enviroment for ict’s, the readiness of a society to use ict’s, the actual usage of all main stakholders (individual, business and government), and finally, the impacts that ict’s generate in th...

In computational grids, heterogeneous resources with different ownerships are dynamically available and distributed geographically. It is not realistic to build the resource allocation mechanisms for such computational platform without considering economic issues. Developing computational economic-based approaches is a promising avenue for building efficient, scalable and stable resource alloca...

he water framework directive of the european union has become a milestone in the water policy for this area. this directive aims to achieve a “good ecological status” of bodies of water in the member states of the european union by 2015. the water framework directive calls for the application of economic principles, economic approaches, tools and instruments. the functions of this economic anal...

Economic growth and development of market, stock exchange and related variables are among components which influence on business, economic activities and management of society. Financial repression is among economic variables greatly influencing on financial market specifically capital market and economic growth and development; so that, this concept caused to publish financial growth and devel...

BACKGROUND Symmetry is one of the criteria of achieving a good aesthetic result. Realising this can be difficult. Attempts have been made to try and measure this symmetry using advanced and complex methods.1 For most surgeons on a daily basis the only practical way to measure symmetry is to use a simple measuring tool such as a measuring tape. However, this method is not very reliable as it dep...