Migraine preventive therapy, even in the absence of a headache, is given in an attempt to reduce the frequency, duration, or severity of attacks. Circumstances that might warrant preventive treatment include disabling migraine attacks, the overuse of acute medications or failure of or contraindication to acute medications, troublesome side effects from medication, hemiplegic migraine, or very f...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is epidemic among workers in South African gold mines. We evaluated an intervention to interrupt tuberculosis transmission by means of mass screening that was linked to treatment for active disease or latent infection. METHODS In a cluster-randomized study, we designated 15 clusters with 78,744 miners as either intervention clusters (40,981 miners in 8 clusters) or con...

Preventing breast cancer is an effective strategy for reducing breast cancer deaths. The purpose of chemoprevention (also termed preventive therapy) is to reduce cancer incidence by use of natural, synthetic, or biological agents. The efficacy of tamoxifen, raloxifene, and exemestane as preventive therapy against estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is well established for women at inc...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with focus on infancy (IPTi) and the rationale behind such a control strategy. RECENT FINDINGS Pooled safety and efficacy analyses of all six trials of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine conducted between 1999 and 2007 have demonstrated a 30% protective efficacy against clinic...

Microstomia is a term used to describe a small oral aperture, which is different from micrognathia in which patients have small jaws. The term microstomia may be better defined as any restriction in the range of motion of the mandible, so it is functionally reduced mouth opening. Normal maximum mouth opening ranges from 36-77mm in healthy individual with average value of 40-50mm. Abstract: Stat...

SETTING The "Thibela TB" cluster randomised trial of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to reduce tuberculosis incidence in the South African gold mines. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of participants eligible for IPT and the reasons and risk factors for ineligibility, to inform the scale-up of IPT. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of participants in intervention cluster...

BACKGROUND Screening of the oral cavity and dental care was suggested as mandatory preventive measures of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients receiving bisphosphonates (BPs). We investigated the occurrence of ONJ before and after implementation of dental preventive measures when starting BP therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Since April 2005, 154 consecutive patients treated with BPs (POST-...

Migraine is a chronic neurological condition with episodic exacerbations. Migraine is highly prevalent, and associated with significant pain, disability, and diminished quality of life. Migraine management is an important health care issue. Migraine management includes avoidance of trigger factors, lifestyle modifications, non-pharmacological therapies, and medications. Pharmacological treatmen...

background: stem-cell therapy plays a preventive role for different complications of diabetes, including diabetes nephropathy. the current phase 3 single-arm clinical trial is designed to investigate the potential protective effect of allotransplantation of fetal liver-derived cell suspension in diabetic nephropathy. methods: seventy-four diabetic patients with type 1 were selected according to...