one of the principles of the responsibilities is that responsibility is personal. the principle of vezr denotes that responsibility is personal. but sometimes there is a vicarious liability. in french law until 1991 the vicarious liability was un exception and the article of 1384 of civil code of french has been interpreted limitedly. from 1991the exception has been changed into the principle. ...

Whether you are an aficionado or completely uninitiated, everyone has an opinion on bull-fighting. The bull-fighter is in constant risk of injury. A medical team made up of surgeons, anesthetists, emergency physicians and nurses remains present throughout the show. For the anaesthetist and surgeon, a wounded bullfighter is an emergency because the vital and functional prognosis are engaged. The...

BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that various types of childhood maltreatment frequently co-occur and confer risk for multiple psychiatric diagnoses. This non-specific pattern of risk may mean that childhood maltreatment increases vulnerability to numerous specific psychiatric disorders through diverse, specific mechanisms or that childhood maltreatment engenders a generalised liability to...

legal persons can also be responsible for compensation. they can also be reponsable for others acts. these legal persons are responsible for their own actions and responsibilities of employees and workers in the article 1384 of french law and iran's article 12 of civil liability (the responsibility of employee acts).this responsibility is not a new discussion. but in the books it can be se...

PURPOSE Various public and private initiatives encourage physicians to coordinate care for patients who have multiple chronic conditions, but physicians may resist doing so for fear of liability. This article assesses the extent of liability risk. METHODS This qualitative study combines legal research with key informant interviews. Relevant legal authorities were identified through literature...

in this article, it is argued that members states do not normally incur liability for damages caused by the acts of international organizations of which they are members. member state liability can only be found in icases in which some intervening state conduct in functions of organization can be established, as is laid down ini part 5 of the draft articles on the responsibility of internationa...

According to the dominant position in the just war tradition from Augustine to Anscombe and beyond, there is no ‘‘moral equality of combatants.’’ That is, on the traditional view the combatants participating in a justified war may kill their enemy combatants participating in an unjustified war—but not vice versa (barring certain qualifications). I shall argue here, however, that in the large nu...